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خلاصه انگلیسی
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Background: Overweight or obesity is one of the most important health
challenges which, in addition to its physical and psychological drawbacks for
individual, imposes a huge economic burden on health care system and public
resources. Given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Health
Workers, and the role of their contribution to improve public health, they
should be targeted of educational interventions. Therefore, this study was
conducted to compare the effects of two educational methods, Telegram message
vs Group discussion, on the healthy eating and anthropometric indices of
Health Care Providers, with body mass index ³25 Kg/m2.
Methods: In
this experimental study, 102 women, working in the Kermanshah Primary Health
Centers (PHC), were randomly allocated into three groups: Telegram (A), Group
discussion (B) and Control(C) This study was aimed to compare two types of
education approach with control group. Before the intervention, the data on
the participants’ dietary patterns were collected and analyzed, using the
FFQ 168-
questionnaire, and four Anthropometric
Indices including height, weight, waist and hip circumference.
For the group A, a telegram messages presenting healthy eating
information along with pictorial massages were sent daily confirmed by
dieticians, and then as reminders for 2 months. In other intervention group
(discussion group (B)), which have been divided in to three sub-groups (two
groups including 11 participants and one group with 12 participants), for
each group four two-hours education sessions were held in four consequent
days. However, the control group did not receive any special training. Two
months after starting the
intervention, the data on the dietary regimens and Anthropometric Indices
were collected from all three groups, again. Data were analyzed using SPSS
software version 16 and T-test, Chisquare, Anova, Mann-Whitney, Willcoxon
and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests.
Results: The
mean age of participants, in this study, was 41.99±6.31
(µ±σ) years and the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 29.76±3.78 kg/m2. %74.5
had
bachelor degree or higher. % 63.7 of the
participants were overweight and %36.3
were obese. Before the intervention, the participants did not
differ significantly in terms of anthropometric indices and food groups (bread and cereals,
vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy products, meat and eggs, and other foods) (P> 0.05). The mean weight loss in the group A was 1.61 kg (P< 0.001) and in the group B wa 0.52 kg (P= 0.011). Waist
circumference for the group A and B were, respectively,
1.74 cm (P<.0.001)
and 0.53 cm (P= 0.041) The Waist to Hip Ratio change for group A was 0.005 (p
= 0.007), and for group B was 0.003
(P= 0.017). The mean BMI reduction, after intervention, for the
group A and B, respectively were 0.62 kg/m2 (p< 0.001) kg/m2
and 0.21 kg/m2 (P= 0.011). The mean Hip
size change was only significant in the Telegram group (P< 0.001). None of the measured Anthropometric Indexes in the
control group had significant changes (p> 0.05). After the education, there was a significant difference
in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, meat, eggs and other foods in the
two intervention groups
(P<
0.05). The average increase in the receipt of vegetables in the telegram
group was 0.94 units (P= 0.005) and in the group discussion it was 0.65 units
(P= 0.42). The average increase in fruit intake in the telegram group was
0.96 units (P= 0.011) and in group discussion, 0.46 units (P= 0.031). The average decrease in the receiving of the other food groups
was also showed in the telegram, discussion and control groups, respectively
5.10 units (P< 0.001), 4.20 units (P<
0.001) and 2.47 units
(P= 0.007).
Conclusion: The results of
this study indicated that both strategies, education in group, and using
telegram messages, are effective to reduce Anthropometric Indices and
choosing more healthy diet, but the effect of Telegram messaging is a more effective to motivate
participants.
Keywords: Obesity, Telegram message, Group Discussion, Anthropometric Indices,
Healthy Diet
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